Law Enforcement Careers
Police Officer
This particular job is currently in very high demand and is suspected to be for many years to come. Citizens depend on police officers to help protect their lives and property and to provide security. Requirements to become a police officer include being a U.S. Citizen, have a high school diploma, and a person must also pass both a written and physical examination. It is estimated that Police Officers make approximately $47,000 per year (as of May 2006)
County Sheriff/Deputy Sheriff
Just as with Police Officers, these careers are in high demand and are expected to remain so for many years to come. The main jobs of the Sheriffs are the same as those of the police officers: To help protect citizen’s lives and property. To become a Sheriff, one must be a U.S. Citizen, pass a written and physical exam, and have a high school diploma. On average, a sheriff makes about $47,000 per year.
State Trooper/Highway Patrol Officer
In high demand, State Troopers have a wide variety of responsibilities to uphold. Some of these responsibilities include arresting criminals Statewide and patrolling highways, very regularly issuing traffic citations. The troopers are also responsible for writing reports stating the cause of an accident. As with both previous jobs, this requires a written and physical exam and at least a college degree. The yearly earnings for the average State Trooper were about $53,500 as of 2006.
Game Warden/Conservation Officer
The main responsibility of a Conversion Officer/Game Warden it to help protection natural resources and environments, such as national/state forests, parks, lakes, and other wildlife areas. In order to become a Conservation officer, one must be in good physical condition (with the ability to swim long distances and must pass an agility test) and must pass a medical exam. In addition, said person must also have no prior history of felonies, misdemeanors, of other violations, due to the fact that they are required to carry firearms, with a valid driver’s license. Finally, a bachelor’s degree (some state an associate’s degree is accepted if the applicant has prior work experience) in environmental science, chemistry, biology, or geology is required. As of 2008, Conservation Officers were paid about $11.00 per hour, with a yearly average around $60,000.
Detective
Detectives, a career in high demand, have the responsibility of gathering evidence for criminal cases, such as those having to do with robberies, car thefts, fraud, and homicides. To do so, detectives interview witnesses and suspects, examine records, follow suspect’s activities and help is raids and sometimes even arrests. Requirements for this job include being a naturalized or natural-born U.S. citizen, and either previous work as a police officer (taking the detective exam once they are prepared) or a minimum of a Bachelor’s degree. As of 2006, the average salary for detectives was around $58,000 per year.
Canine Officer/K9 Handler
A Canine Officer is a special type of police officer who is trained to work with the police dogs who are able to detect illegal substances, bomb-making material, concealed weapons, smuggled agricultural goods and other contraband, and humans (either those being smuggled or those who are “lost,” such as in avalanches or in instances like 9/11). Requirement for this job include previous training as a police officer and, once a certain level of experience has been achieved, training in canine handling. Canine Officers must be in excellent physical condition and be fluent in at least one foreign language. In addition, they must have no criminal history and a valid driver’s license. On average, they make $56,000 per year at the local level, $53,000 per year at the state level, and $73,000 per year in Federal agencies.
Animal Cruelty Investigator
Animal cruelty investigators are responsible for following up on reports of animal abuse, removing animals from dangerous situations, and collecting evidence for prosecution of the owners in court (like in Animal Cops). Requirements for this job include a valid driver’s license and good driving record, college psychology and sociology classes, volunteering at local animal shelters, and a love for animals (but also the ability to handle the horrible situations the animals are put through). Education wise, the applicant must have basic law enforcement training, certification as a peace officer, a college course in animal abuse (if it is offered at the college), and will receive training on how to deal with people, interview witnesses, maintaining a chain of custody of evidence, documentation, and photography of any possible problems. On average, an animal cruelty investigator earns around $31,000 per year, although higher salaries are common for those who are a law enforcement officer who is investigating animal cruelty.
Park Ranger
This job involves working outdoors all year round. The main responsibility is taking care of the over 400 National and State Parks in the United States. They must enforce park regulations, prevent/help contain forest fires, teaching others respect for the eco-balance of the forests and parks, and occasionally rescue stranded hikers or help chase away threatening wildlife. Requirements for this career track include a bachelor’s degree, extensive knowledge of botany, ecosystems, and wildlife, as well as being in good physical shape and health, with good eyesight and high levels of energy. When first starting the job, the average salary is about $30,000 per year. With two or more years of experience, the average goes up to $47,000 to $50,000 a year.
Federal Law Enforcement Careers
FBI Special Agent
FBI Agents are responsible for much of our national security issues. They work on issues having to do with terrorism, foreign counterintelligence, organized crime, extortion, kidnapping, white-collar crime, public corruption, civil rights violations, cyber crime, financial crime, bribery, bank robbery, air piracy, interstate criminal activity, fugitive and drug trafficking matters, and other matter of equal importance. In order to become a Special Agent, one must be a citizen of the United States, be between the ages of 23 and 37 at the time of appointment, have a minimum of three years of professional work experience, have a valid driver’s license, have a four-year Bachelor degree from an institution recognized by the U.S. Security of Education, and go through 20 weeks of training at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. On average, Special Agents earn about $51,000 annually (almost $2,000 bi-weekly).
DEA Agent
DEA Agents, or Drug Enforcement Administration Agent, are one of the most highly respected law enforcement agents in the world, with almost thirty percent of new trainees coming from a military background. In order to become a DEA Agent, one must be between the ages of 21 and 36, have either a master’s or bachelor’s degree with a cumulative GPA of 2.95 or higher, with studies in finance, law, language, and criminal justice, pass a physical task, take a polygraph examination, undergo a psychological assessment, and pass a background test. Once hired, one must begin a 16 week basic training program, with emphasis on leadership, ethics, and human relations. In addition to academic instructions, an 84-hour regiment on physical fitness and defense tactics is required, helping to prepare the agent for compliant and resistant arrest scenarios. Finally, the student must take at least 122 hours of firearms training before they can be fully ready. Luckily, all of this pays off. Starting salaries range from $50,000 to $55,000 per year, increasing to $92,500 or more after four years of service.
Secret Service Special Agent
Centered in Washington, D.C., Secret Service Agents are well known for the protection they provide to not only the President and Vice President, but also to other administrative officials and their families. These agents are involved in financial fraud, falsification of document and identification, computer fraud, electronic funds transfers, and money laundering. In order to become a Secret Service Special Agent, one must be in between the ages of 21 and 37 at the time of appointment, have a valid driver’s license, have earned a Bachelor’s degree, meet the agency’s academic standards, pass a physical and medical exam, pass a series of in-depth interviews, including a polygraph, drug screening, and a background check, and it is suggested that one be fluent in at least one foreign language. Once hired, the agent must go through a ten week training program in Georgia, followed by a 17 week program in Washington D.C. Pay is based on one’s assigned location and salary grade, ranging from about $43,000 to $73,000 per year.
ICE Special Agent
Immigration and Customs Enforcement is the largest investigative agency in the Department of Homeland Security. In order to become an Agent, one must be younger than 37, be a citizen of the United States, and have resided in the States for at least the past three years. In addition, anyone with a past misdemeanor of domestic violence is ineligible to apply. During the interview, the applicant must take a written exam, an oral interview with a writing sample (graded on organization, ideas, grammar, spelling, and punctuation), a personal interview, which assesses one’s decision making abilities, interpersonal skills, emotional maturity, and sensitivity to the needs of others, and must pass the medical and physical requirements. Once the application is accepted, one is required to attend 22 weeks of intense training at the Training Center in Brunswick, Georgia. The pay ranges from $40,000 to $68,000 per year.
Federal Air Marshal
Federal Air Marshals are set out on international flights in order to protect passengers and crew against terrorist attacks. Just applying for the job is a process. The application includes a preliminary screening and suitability assessment, mental health and psychological suitability screening, a panel interview, drug test, background check, and a mental and fitness exam. In addition, the applicant must be under 37 years old unless one has significant past experience in a related field, and must be a United State citizen and resident. Those who pass the application process are then sent to a two-phase fifteen-week program, which includes a basic Police Training Program and instructions in international law, arrest procedures, communications, aircraft safety procedures, defensive measures, aviation first aid and advanced firearms tactics. For all this work, the beginning salary for Federal Air Marshals begins around $40,000 per year, an amount that was raised following the 9/11 attacks.
CBP Officer
The US Customs and Border Protection’s mission is to protect the citizens from terrorists and keep terrorists and terrorist weapons out of the United States.CBP Officers are also responsible for screening all people and cargo that enter the US, by air, land, and sea. In order to become a CBP Officer, one must be under 40 years of age, pass a medical, fitness, and drug tests, as well as a background check and the applicant must be fluent in Spanish. Once accepted, one must attend an 18 week training program that instructs on federal law enforcement and border patrol operations. The salary for this job range from $38,000 to $50,000 per year, with many opportunities for overtime pay.
Immigration Officer, FDNS
Working for the Office of Fraud Detection and National Security (FDNS) and being directed by the U.S. Customs and Immigration Service (USCIS), Immigration Officers are focused on national security and public-safety issues, also being involved with law enforcement, intelligence agencies, and immigration fraud. Once interviewed and hired, the candidate will need to complete a 9 week basic training program for the USCIS, with further training depending on one’s position. Yearly salaried depend on the location of one’s position but generally fall in-between the $47,000 and $60,000 mark. In addition, Immigration Officers are offered benefits of leave, health and life insurance, and retirement plans that are available to fall of the federal employees.
Diplomatic Security Special Agent
Diplomatic Security Special Agents help to advise ambassadors on security matters and manage security programs to protect personnel, facilities, and information. These agents will represent our country to the world and will have many opportunities to travel the world and experience different cultures. Requirements for the job include being a U.S. citizen with either a B.A. or B.S. degree and be between the ages of 21 and 36. After passing a background check, the applicant must pass a written, oral, and fitness test. In addition, fluency in a foreign language is desirable but not mandatory. Training for this included six months of training in personal protection techniques, criminal law investigations, firearms, specialized driving, first aid, and background investigations. The training begins in Washington D.C., followed by training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Brunswick, Georgia. Once that training is complete but before being assigned overseas, Agents are training in security management, post operations, counterintelligence, electronic security, advanced firearms techniques, explosive device detection, arson investigation, and medical assistance. Depending on location, experience, and qualifications, starting yearly salaries range from $37,000 to more than $51,000.
CIA Agent
CIA Agents are one of the most important people when it comes to protecting and serving our country. Unfortunately, becoming one isn’t exactly easy. In order to become and CIA Agent, one must pass a medical examination which includes drug testing, a polygraph test, and a background check. Fluency in a foreign language is not mandatory but is highly desirable. In addition, a college degree with a GPA of 3.0 or higher is required. If the applicant passes, they will then be sent to training near Washington D.C. for a 12 month long training. Depending on qualifications, education, and geographic location, a trainee will earn a yearly salary between $54,000 and $76,000.
Deputy U.S. Marshal
Around since 1789, the U.S. Marshal Service is the oldest law enforcement agency in this country. U.S. Marshals are appointed by the president, with over 3,300 in the agency. In order to qualify for the position, one must be between the ages of 21 and 36, with either a bachelor’s degree of three years of experience that would be equivalent to education. Fitness and medical standards must be met in addition to passing a background test and having a valid driver’s license. If accepted, the next step would be going through a seventeen and a half week training program in Georgia. Some of the subjects covered at the camp are legal and firearm training, courtroom evidence and procedure, prisoner restraint, court security, search and seizure, computer training and much more. The yearly salary ranges from $38,000 to $48,000. In addition, Marshals are eligible for retirement after 25 years of working or at the age of 50 with twenty years of service. There is also a mandatory retirement age at 57.
ATF Special Agent
ATF, or Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Agents help to protect the public from crime and terrorism. In order to become involved in this Bureau, one must be 21 to 37 years old with valid driver’s license. In addition, a medical examination must be passed and requirements for vision, hearing, and weight must be met. Finally, a drug test, polygraph examination, and a background check is necessary. As is typical of many government positions, a bachelor’s degree, three years of work experience in criminal investigation or law enforcement, or a combination of education and related experience is required. If accepted, the trainee must participate in 56 hours of physical training as well at 72 hours of physical conditioning. Finally, field training in the use of firearms, arson, and explosives training are required. The basic salary for this job ranged from $32,000 to $41,000.
Transportation Security Officer (TSO)
Transportation Security Officers are responsible for the safety of the American public in airport, railroad, road, and maritime transportation. They are in charge of stopping terrorist attacks and ensuring safe movement from one place to the other. In order to qualify to become a TSO, one must be a citizen of the United States, with a high school diploma or equivalent, with fluidness in reading, writing, speaking, and listening in English. In addition, TSOs must not have poor vision, be color blind, or have impaired hearing. Lifting and carrying at least 70 pounds, passing a drug test, and having an almost perfect credit score are also required. Training for TSO is quite intense. The hiree must complete 56 to 72 hours of classroom training, 112 to 118 hours of ob the job training, certification testing, and may also be required to travel for up to two weeks. The average salary ranged from $24,000 to $37,000 per year.
Border Patrol Agent
Border Patrol Agents have a huge job in the United States. They are responsible for preventing terrorists, terrorist weapons, and undocumented aliens from entering the United States, as well as punishing those in violation of the immigration laws. Over 6,000 miles of the Canadian and Mexican borders and over 2,000 miles of coastal waters around Florida and Puerto Rico are patrolled. The applicant must be under 40 years old, a United States citizen and resident, fluency in Spanish, a valid driver’s license, a background investigation, medical examination, and a fitness and drug test must all be passed. A fifty five day training at the Border Patrol Academy in New Mexico is required for those hired. They may also be subjected to random drug testing and overtime work. The yearly pay rate for Patrol Agents ranges from $36,000 to $47,000.
U.S. Capitol Police
Created in 1828, the main goal of the Capitol Police is to protect the United States Congress and their families. Police applicants must be between the ages of 21 and 37 at the time of appointment with a high school degree. In addition, one must be a United States citizen with a valid driver’s license, correctable vision to 20/20 in each eye, have a proportional weight and height, and must be in good physical health. In addition, a felony conviction and anything other than an Honorable discharge from the military will disqualify the applicant. Once hired, training begins with a weeklong orientation at the Washington D.C. training facility, followed by a twelve week training session in either Georgia or New Mexico. The average salary is about $54,000 yearly, plus benefits. For those who are a Private First Class, with over 30 months of service, the salary increased to about $63,000.
U.S. Postal Service Inspector
Postal Service Inspectors investigate criminal, civil, and administrative violations of laws related to the postal service. The Inspectors are armed and authorized to make arrests. The job requires long and irregular hours and a possible relocation. In order to qualify for the job, one must be a U.S. citizen between the ages of 21 and 37, with a four year degree from a college or university. The ability to write and speak English are also required, as is a polygraph examination, background investigation, drug screening, medical assessment, and orientation course. Once hired, one must pass a basic training course that covers academics, firearms, physical fitness, defensive tactics, and practical exercises. The yearly pay ranges from $40,000 to $60,000, depending on one’s qualifications.
Director of Airport Security
No description of this job is currently available.
Correctional Careers
Correctional Officer
The job of a Correctional Officer are the provide security, enforce rules and regulations, monitor social and work activities of inmates, and prevent outbreaks of violence in the prison environment. In addition, Officers are responsible for performing periodic inspections of individual cells and the entire facility for hidden contraband and potential weapons. While some requirement may vary from agency to agency, all applicants must have a high school diploma, be 18 to 21 years of age, with good physical health, eye sight, hearing, and emotional stability. Some agencies also require the applicant to pass a written examination. Corrections officers must have at least 200 hours of formal training within their first year, as well as 12 hours of training at the Georgia training center. The average salary ranges from $38,000 to $50,000.
Correctional Counselor
Correctional Counselors are involved in working with those who are either currently in prison or who had currently been, and prevent them from engaging in further criminal activity that would have them sent back to jail. In order to qualify for this job, applicants must submit to written and verbal, as well as psychological testing and must be between the ages of 21 and 37. A valid driver’s license and no prior felonies are also required, as is knowledge of computers and strong writing skills. Most agencies require a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in psychology, social work, criminal justice, or urban studies. The average yearly salary is about $45,000.
Parole Officer
Parole Officers are in charge of working with offenders who have recently been released from correctional facilities. Their job is to keep regular contact with the clients in order to prevent them from any further criminal activity. The number of cases the officers have to deal with range from about 70 to 130, sometimes more. Requirements for this job include a bachelor’s degree in social work, psychology, urban affairs, or criminal justice, oral, written, and psychological testing, a physical examination, a valid driver’s license, a background check, drug testing, license to carry a firearm, and must be between the ages of 21 and 37. After being accepted, one must complete a training program. A year later, the trainee is offered a permanent job. The average salary, depending on one’s level, can range from $30,000 to $60,000.
Probation Officer
Probation Officers have much of the same responsibilities as Parole Officers but differ slightly. Probation Officers have to supervise those who have been placed on probation by the courts. Often times, this involves watching over first time offenders so they do not get involved in any further criminal activity. Requirements for this job include passing a written, verbal, and psychological examination, excellent physical shape and be emotionally stable, between the years of 21 and 37. As with many of the other jobs, a valid driver’s license is required. No prior felons are accepted. In most case, a bachelor’s degree in social work, psychology, or criminal justice is required, as is a training program offered by the Federal Government. The median annual salary for Probation Officers is around $45,000.
Juvenile Probation Officer
Juvenile Probation Officers handle the same things as Probation Officers, only they are responsible for the youth. Those under eighteen who have been placed on probation are under the supervision of Juvenile Probation Officers. The requirements and salary are the same as that of Probation Officers.
Federal Probation Officer
Federal Probation Officers work with those who have committed crimes at the federal level. They are often in charge of helping those who have recently been released from serving a length prison sentence and assisting them in re-adjusting to the world and avoiding criminal activity. The requirements are very similar to those of Probation Officers, although they are required to be in extremely satisfactory physical condition, given the potential danger of their everyday situations. The yearly pay ranges from $50,000 to $78,000.
Victim Witness Assistant
No description of this job is currently available.
Forensic Science/CSI Careers
Crime Scene Investigator (CSI) – Forensic Examiner
A Crime Scene Investigator is responsible for evaluating evidence at the scene of a crime. They secure, package, and label physical evidence for evaluation and analysis. Typical cases a CSI may investigate include, but are not limited to, homicides, sexual assaults, home invasions, armed robbery, and crimes against property. Requirements for CSIs include a four year degree and a minimum of 720 hours of training in crime scene processing, including 80 hours of latent fingerprint processing training and 40 hours each in the areas of photography, death investigations, and interpretation of blood splatter. In addition, certification by the Certification by the International Association for Identification (IAI) and Crime Scene Certification Board is required within 18 months as a forensic examiner. The average yearly salary ranges from $51,000 to $63,000.
Latent Print Examiner – Finger Print Examiner
Vitally important at the scene of a crime, Latent Print Examiners perform various procedures in order to obtain fingerprints, palm prints, and foot prints from multiple surfaces and materials. Following that, one must classify and identify the fingerprint, comparing it with either characterized identification systems or manually with other prints. This career requires a bachelor’s degree with a field related to chemistry and often have undergraduate degree with criminal justice. Physically, one must be able to distinguish between basic colors and their shades which may be a problem for those with color blindness. Once hired, one will learn techniques to recover, process, and examine latent finger prints, which may include the use of chemicals, special light sources, and light scan systems. The salaries for latent print examiners can range from $30,000 to $150,000 yearly, depending on the agency.
Forensic Accountant
Forensic Accountants have many of the same jobs as regular accountants, but within the forensic department, they focus more on personal injury claims, insurance claims, royalty audits, or fraud investigations. Requirements for this job include a four year business degree in accounting or finance, as well as a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) license. When first beginning, one will spend most of their time on routine investigations and will work their way up to the higher profile cases. The starting salary ranged from $30,000 to $60,000 per year, an amount that increases anywhere from $125,000 to $150,000, depending on experience.
Forensic Anthropologist
Forensic Anthropologists are responsible for the identification of deceased individuals, where their remains are burned, mutilated, or in advanced stages of decomposition. To become a Forensic Anthropologist, one will need a bachelor’s degree in anatomy, biology, chemistry, physiology, or anthropology, as well as a graduate degree in human biology or anthropology. The salary for Anthropologists can range from $35,000 to $50,000 per year when first starting off, increasing to $90,000 to $100,000 per year.
Forensic Artist
Forensic Artists are responsible for drawings of potential suspects, mission persons, or specific detail of a crime scene. The art is divided into four categories: Composite Imagery, which is a drawing from an individual’s description of one’s face and/or body; Image Modification/Identification, which is manipulating a photographic image including age progression of young children and fugitives with various disguises that may be used; Demonstrative Evidence, which may be used as trial displays in court; and Reconstructive/Postmortem Drawings, which can identify human remains even if they are damaged or in various stages of decomposition. Requirements for this job vary, some agencies accepting education in legal procedures, some accepting those with formal art training. Training in this career may include the use of computer programs that will help in building three dimensional composites from decomposed bodies. The hourly pay can range from $14 to over $25, an annual salary of around $65,000.
Forensic Hypnotist
The job of a forensic hypnotist is to help witnesses to a crime remember facts that they could not recall without hypnosis. The field is very limited due to objections by the legal community about the admissibility of evidence in a court collected while the witness was in a hypnotic state. Requirements for this job include being well versed on the history of hypnosis and various levels of induction, deepening tactics, and procedures for emerging the witness or victim. Basic training is available but consists of only a few days of training. Classes may include, but are not limited to, instruction in memory retrieval techniques, informal listening, and pitfalls that may be encountered upon judicial review. Annual salaries are variable, but on average, Forensic Hypnotists are paid about $66,000 per year.
Forensic Nurse
Forensic Nursing applies nursing science to legal proceedings in investigating death of victims, criminal abuse, traumatic accidents, and treatment of victims of violence and abuse. This job requires the applicant to be a registered nurse, practicing for at least three years, with a degree from an accredited college or university, with a two to four year study. The hourly salary can range from as low as $26 to as high as $100. The starting yearly salary is about $54,000, an amount that can increase to over $200,000, depending on one’s abilities.
Forensic Pathologist
Forensic Pathologists are responsible for determining the cause of death and identifying the deceased. Requirements to become a pathologist include four years of undergraduate education, followed by four years of medical school, followed by four years of residency in anatomic and clinical pathology, followed by one year of pathology fellowship. The field is highly specialized and requires a lot of time, money, training, and dedication. The starting salary for this career track is about $80,000 but can increase to the $175,000 to $200,000 range.
Forensic Psychologist
Forensic Psychologists are used mainly in the court system to determine the mental state of the defendant at the time of the crime. In order to qualify for this career, one must have an undergraduate degree in psychology, in addition to a master’s degree in forensic psychology. Additional training in areas such an evidence-based intervention, advocacy, and other related areas may be required. The salary for this career can range from $60,000 to $103,000, depending on work experience, education, and can increase with consulting work and court testimony.
Forensic Serologist
Serology is known as the study of blood serum. Forensic Serologists are responsible with diagnostic procedure and the identification of antibodies in the blood. In short, they are responsible for determining if there were any substances, legal or illegal, in the deceased’s body at the time of death. Requirements for this job include a Bachelor of Science or Arts degree. Unlike many other forensic degrees, however, a graduate or post-graduate degree is not required given that the techniques can be mastered while focusing on DNA related serology. The starting salary of a Forensic Serologist is around $37,000. Once practicing, one can expect to earn between $50,000 and $60,000 per year.
Forensic Toxicologist
The job of a Forensic Toxicologist is to use analytical chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical chemistry to investigate the legal and medical aspects in a death. In addition, they must use technology and different techniques to determine if the death was from poisoning or drug use. This job required a bachelor’s degree in pharmacology, chemistry, clinical chemistry, or a related field. Job training is mainly learning how to work in a controlled way, without giving into the pressures of rushing through the tests. The annual salary is about $75,000, with some making as low as $60,000, some making as high as $100,000.
Legal/Court Careers
Judge
Judges preside over trials and hearings, ensuring that court proceedings are fair. In addition, they rule on the admissibility of evidence and decide whether a defendant is allowed to post bail or if they must remain in custody until the trail. Requirements for this job include previous years of experience as an attorney, although some states do not require that. Judicial training is provided by the Federal Judicial Center, the American Bar Association, National Judicial College and National Center for State Courts with some level of orientation required by all states for newly appointed or elected judges. The annual salary for judges can range from $50,000 to $170,000, depending on the level.
Defense Attorney
Defense Attorneys are responsible for advocating for the accused. Requirements for this career include a bachelor’s degree that emphasizes spoken and written communication skills, research, analysis, and logical thinking. Education wise, a defense attorney must have an average of seven years of full-time study after high school, followed by three years of law school. The average yearly salary is about $108,000.
Paralegal, Legal Assistant, or Legal Researcher
Legal assistants have many responsibilities in law firms. They are responsible for researching the facts on a case but may not set legal fees, give legal advice, or present cases in court. Those who are thinking about a career in the paralegal field most often attend a community college and obtain an associate degree in paralegal studies. Most training takes place on the job. On average, paralegals earn about $46,000 yearly, with the top ten percent earning about $73,000.
Court Clerk
Court Clerks are responsible for the oversight of all administrative responsibilities that are carried out by different courts. The specific jobs vary depending on the size of the court. Requirements for this job include having s strong knowledge of judicial rules and regulations, knowledge in how to maintain court records, and the proper handling of evidence. In addition, spelling and grammar skills must be satisfactory and knowledge of a foreign language may be helpful. Training mainly consists of passing a competitive civil service exam. Although the salary for a court clerk depends on one’s level of experience, the median annual salary can range from $30,000 to more than $50,000.
Juvenile Court Judge
See Judge
Probate Judge
See Judge
Prosecutor
Prosecutors are present in almost every city in the United States and are responsible for upholding the Constitution, protecting the public, and punishing criminal behavior. Requirements to become a prosecutor include a bachelor’s degree with varied education in order to enter law school. Once that is obtained, a three year course study is required. The average salary can range from $25,000 to $50,000 for those just beginning their careers, to more than $100,000 with gained experience.
Bailiff
No description of this job is currently available.
Pre-Trail Officer
No description of this job is currently available.
Juvenile Court Register
No description of this job is currently available.
Private Security and Contractor Careers
Loss Prevention Officer/Manager
Loss prevention officers are undercover workers in retail locations who are responsible for identifying suspicious behavior and detaining those attempting theft. In order to become part of this career, a high school degree is required. In addition, one must be observant and able to think quickly. Training programs are offered via private security training companies. The average salary can range from $22,000 to $43,000 for officers, and can reach up to $70,000 for managers.
Bounty Hunger/Bail Enforcement Agent
Bounty hunter careers are unique to the United States, only legal here and in the Philippines. Bounty hunters are responsible for capturing fugitives from justice in exchange for a monetary reward (the bounty). If a defendant does not pay bail by not showing up for court, it is up to the bounty hunter to capture them. Many states do not have training requirements for this career; others require various training and licensing requirements. In addition, most states prohibit bail enforcement agents from carrying a firearm. On average, a successful bond investigator can earn more than $100,000 annually; bounty hunters earn a minimum if $35,000 annually.
Security Officer
Security Officers may be armed or unarmed and provide security at transportation hubs and nuclear facilities. Higher standards have recently been placed on security officers due to the rapid growth of opportunities. The applicant must have a high school degree or equivalent, must be mentally alert, emotionally stable, and physically fit. In addition, they must be no younger than 18 years of age, must pass a background check, and complete training. The training one must go through varies and is dependent on the specific job one is hired to do. When first beginning, a Security Officer can earn anywhere from $20,000 to more than $30,000 per year.
Fraud Investigator
See Private Investigator
Insurance Investigator
See Private Investigator
Private Investigator
The main responsibilities of a Private Investigator (PI) include connecting clues and uncovering facts. PIs may also be required to provide celebrity or executive protection, pre-employment verification, and individual background investigations. In addition, the investigation of identity theft, harassing emails, illegal downloading, copyright violations, criminal cases, insurance fraud, child custody, missing persons cases, and surveillance fall into their job description. In order to qualify for this job, one must be able to work odd hours in and out of the office, must be over 18 years of age, have educational or legal experience for more than three years, and must pass both a background investigation and State certification exam. The median income for this job was about $40,000 in 2008, with a range from about $24,000 to more than $76,000.
Security Analyst
No description of this job is currently available.
Security Operations Manager
No description of this job is currently available.
Police Officer
This particular job is currently in very high demand and is suspected to be for many years to come. Citizens depend on police officers to help protect their lives and property and to provide security. Requirements to become a police officer include being a U.S. Citizen, have a high school diploma, and a person must also pass both a written and physical examination. It is estimated that Police Officers make approximately $47,000 per year (as of May 2006)
County Sheriff/Deputy Sheriff
Just as with Police Officers, these careers are in high demand and are expected to remain so for many years to come. The main jobs of the Sheriffs are the same as those of the police officers: To help protect citizen’s lives and property. To become a Sheriff, one must be a U.S. Citizen, pass a written and physical exam, and have a high school diploma. On average, a sheriff makes about $47,000 per year.
State Trooper/Highway Patrol Officer
In high demand, State Troopers have a wide variety of responsibilities to uphold. Some of these responsibilities include arresting criminals Statewide and patrolling highways, very regularly issuing traffic citations. The troopers are also responsible for writing reports stating the cause of an accident. As with both previous jobs, this requires a written and physical exam and at least a college degree. The yearly earnings for the average State Trooper were about $53,500 as of 2006.
Game Warden/Conservation Officer
The main responsibility of a Conversion Officer/Game Warden it to help protection natural resources and environments, such as national/state forests, parks, lakes, and other wildlife areas. In order to become a Conservation officer, one must be in good physical condition (with the ability to swim long distances and must pass an agility test) and must pass a medical exam. In addition, said person must also have no prior history of felonies, misdemeanors, of other violations, due to the fact that they are required to carry firearms, with a valid driver’s license. Finally, a bachelor’s degree (some state an associate’s degree is accepted if the applicant has prior work experience) in environmental science, chemistry, biology, or geology is required. As of 2008, Conservation Officers were paid about $11.00 per hour, with a yearly average around $60,000.
Detective
Detectives, a career in high demand, have the responsibility of gathering evidence for criminal cases, such as those having to do with robberies, car thefts, fraud, and homicides. To do so, detectives interview witnesses and suspects, examine records, follow suspect’s activities and help is raids and sometimes even arrests. Requirements for this job include being a naturalized or natural-born U.S. citizen, and either previous work as a police officer (taking the detective exam once they are prepared) or a minimum of a Bachelor’s degree. As of 2006, the average salary for detectives was around $58,000 per year.
Canine Officer/K9 Handler
A Canine Officer is a special type of police officer who is trained to work with the police dogs who are able to detect illegal substances, bomb-making material, concealed weapons, smuggled agricultural goods and other contraband, and humans (either those being smuggled or those who are “lost,” such as in avalanches or in instances like 9/11). Requirement for this job include previous training as a police officer and, once a certain level of experience has been achieved, training in canine handling. Canine Officers must be in excellent physical condition and be fluent in at least one foreign language. In addition, they must have no criminal history and a valid driver’s license. On average, they make $56,000 per year at the local level, $53,000 per year at the state level, and $73,000 per year in Federal agencies.
Animal Cruelty Investigator
Animal cruelty investigators are responsible for following up on reports of animal abuse, removing animals from dangerous situations, and collecting evidence for prosecution of the owners in court (like in Animal Cops). Requirements for this job include a valid driver’s license and good driving record, college psychology and sociology classes, volunteering at local animal shelters, and a love for animals (but also the ability to handle the horrible situations the animals are put through). Education wise, the applicant must have basic law enforcement training, certification as a peace officer, a college course in animal abuse (if it is offered at the college), and will receive training on how to deal with people, interview witnesses, maintaining a chain of custody of evidence, documentation, and photography of any possible problems. On average, an animal cruelty investigator earns around $31,000 per year, although higher salaries are common for those who are a law enforcement officer who is investigating animal cruelty.
Park Ranger
This job involves working outdoors all year round. The main responsibility is taking care of the over 400 National and State Parks in the United States. They must enforce park regulations, prevent/help contain forest fires, teaching others respect for the eco-balance of the forests and parks, and occasionally rescue stranded hikers or help chase away threatening wildlife. Requirements for this career track include a bachelor’s degree, extensive knowledge of botany, ecosystems, and wildlife, as well as being in good physical shape and health, with good eyesight and high levels of energy. When first starting the job, the average salary is about $30,000 per year. With two or more years of experience, the average goes up to $47,000 to $50,000 a year.
Federal Law Enforcement Careers
FBI Special Agent
FBI Agents are responsible for much of our national security issues. They work on issues having to do with terrorism, foreign counterintelligence, organized crime, extortion, kidnapping, white-collar crime, public corruption, civil rights violations, cyber crime, financial crime, bribery, bank robbery, air piracy, interstate criminal activity, fugitive and drug trafficking matters, and other matter of equal importance. In order to become a Special Agent, one must be a citizen of the United States, be between the ages of 23 and 37 at the time of appointment, have a minimum of three years of professional work experience, have a valid driver’s license, have a four-year Bachelor degree from an institution recognized by the U.S. Security of Education, and go through 20 weeks of training at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. On average, Special Agents earn about $51,000 annually (almost $2,000 bi-weekly).
DEA Agent
DEA Agents, or Drug Enforcement Administration Agent, are one of the most highly respected law enforcement agents in the world, with almost thirty percent of new trainees coming from a military background. In order to become a DEA Agent, one must be between the ages of 21 and 36, have either a master’s or bachelor’s degree with a cumulative GPA of 2.95 or higher, with studies in finance, law, language, and criminal justice, pass a physical task, take a polygraph examination, undergo a psychological assessment, and pass a background test. Once hired, one must begin a 16 week basic training program, with emphasis on leadership, ethics, and human relations. In addition to academic instructions, an 84-hour regiment on physical fitness and defense tactics is required, helping to prepare the agent for compliant and resistant arrest scenarios. Finally, the student must take at least 122 hours of firearms training before they can be fully ready. Luckily, all of this pays off. Starting salaries range from $50,000 to $55,000 per year, increasing to $92,500 or more after four years of service.
Secret Service Special Agent
Centered in Washington, D.C., Secret Service Agents are well known for the protection they provide to not only the President and Vice President, but also to other administrative officials and their families. These agents are involved in financial fraud, falsification of document and identification, computer fraud, electronic funds transfers, and money laundering. In order to become a Secret Service Special Agent, one must be in between the ages of 21 and 37 at the time of appointment, have a valid driver’s license, have earned a Bachelor’s degree, meet the agency’s academic standards, pass a physical and medical exam, pass a series of in-depth interviews, including a polygraph, drug screening, and a background check, and it is suggested that one be fluent in at least one foreign language. Once hired, the agent must go through a ten week training program in Georgia, followed by a 17 week program in Washington D.C. Pay is based on one’s assigned location and salary grade, ranging from about $43,000 to $73,000 per year.
ICE Special Agent
Immigration and Customs Enforcement is the largest investigative agency in the Department of Homeland Security. In order to become an Agent, one must be younger than 37, be a citizen of the United States, and have resided in the States for at least the past three years. In addition, anyone with a past misdemeanor of domestic violence is ineligible to apply. During the interview, the applicant must take a written exam, an oral interview with a writing sample (graded on organization, ideas, grammar, spelling, and punctuation), a personal interview, which assesses one’s decision making abilities, interpersonal skills, emotional maturity, and sensitivity to the needs of others, and must pass the medical and physical requirements. Once the application is accepted, one is required to attend 22 weeks of intense training at the Training Center in Brunswick, Georgia. The pay ranges from $40,000 to $68,000 per year.
Federal Air Marshal
Federal Air Marshals are set out on international flights in order to protect passengers and crew against terrorist attacks. Just applying for the job is a process. The application includes a preliminary screening and suitability assessment, mental health and psychological suitability screening, a panel interview, drug test, background check, and a mental and fitness exam. In addition, the applicant must be under 37 years old unless one has significant past experience in a related field, and must be a United State citizen and resident. Those who pass the application process are then sent to a two-phase fifteen-week program, which includes a basic Police Training Program and instructions in international law, arrest procedures, communications, aircraft safety procedures, defensive measures, aviation first aid and advanced firearms tactics. For all this work, the beginning salary for Federal Air Marshals begins around $40,000 per year, an amount that was raised following the 9/11 attacks.
CBP Officer
The US Customs and Border Protection’s mission is to protect the citizens from terrorists and keep terrorists and terrorist weapons out of the United States.CBP Officers are also responsible for screening all people and cargo that enter the US, by air, land, and sea. In order to become a CBP Officer, one must be under 40 years of age, pass a medical, fitness, and drug tests, as well as a background check and the applicant must be fluent in Spanish. Once accepted, one must attend an 18 week training program that instructs on federal law enforcement and border patrol operations. The salary for this job range from $38,000 to $50,000 per year, with many opportunities for overtime pay.
Immigration Officer, FDNS
Working for the Office of Fraud Detection and National Security (FDNS) and being directed by the U.S. Customs and Immigration Service (USCIS), Immigration Officers are focused on national security and public-safety issues, also being involved with law enforcement, intelligence agencies, and immigration fraud. Once interviewed and hired, the candidate will need to complete a 9 week basic training program for the USCIS, with further training depending on one’s position. Yearly salaried depend on the location of one’s position but generally fall in-between the $47,000 and $60,000 mark. In addition, Immigration Officers are offered benefits of leave, health and life insurance, and retirement plans that are available to fall of the federal employees.
Diplomatic Security Special Agent
Diplomatic Security Special Agents help to advise ambassadors on security matters and manage security programs to protect personnel, facilities, and information. These agents will represent our country to the world and will have many opportunities to travel the world and experience different cultures. Requirements for the job include being a U.S. citizen with either a B.A. or B.S. degree and be between the ages of 21 and 36. After passing a background check, the applicant must pass a written, oral, and fitness test. In addition, fluency in a foreign language is desirable but not mandatory. Training for this included six months of training in personal protection techniques, criminal law investigations, firearms, specialized driving, first aid, and background investigations. The training begins in Washington D.C., followed by training at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center in Brunswick, Georgia. Once that training is complete but before being assigned overseas, Agents are training in security management, post operations, counterintelligence, electronic security, advanced firearms techniques, explosive device detection, arson investigation, and medical assistance. Depending on location, experience, and qualifications, starting yearly salaries range from $37,000 to more than $51,000.
CIA Agent
CIA Agents are one of the most important people when it comes to protecting and serving our country. Unfortunately, becoming one isn’t exactly easy. In order to become and CIA Agent, one must pass a medical examination which includes drug testing, a polygraph test, and a background check. Fluency in a foreign language is not mandatory but is highly desirable. In addition, a college degree with a GPA of 3.0 or higher is required. If the applicant passes, they will then be sent to training near Washington D.C. for a 12 month long training. Depending on qualifications, education, and geographic location, a trainee will earn a yearly salary between $54,000 and $76,000.
Deputy U.S. Marshal
Around since 1789, the U.S. Marshal Service is the oldest law enforcement agency in this country. U.S. Marshals are appointed by the president, with over 3,300 in the agency. In order to qualify for the position, one must be between the ages of 21 and 36, with either a bachelor’s degree of three years of experience that would be equivalent to education. Fitness and medical standards must be met in addition to passing a background test and having a valid driver’s license. If accepted, the next step would be going through a seventeen and a half week training program in Georgia. Some of the subjects covered at the camp are legal and firearm training, courtroom evidence and procedure, prisoner restraint, court security, search and seizure, computer training and much more. The yearly salary ranges from $38,000 to $48,000. In addition, Marshals are eligible for retirement after 25 years of working or at the age of 50 with twenty years of service. There is also a mandatory retirement age at 57.
ATF Special Agent
ATF, or Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Agents help to protect the public from crime and terrorism. In order to become involved in this Bureau, one must be 21 to 37 years old with valid driver’s license. In addition, a medical examination must be passed and requirements for vision, hearing, and weight must be met. Finally, a drug test, polygraph examination, and a background check is necessary. As is typical of many government positions, a bachelor’s degree, three years of work experience in criminal investigation or law enforcement, or a combination of education and related experience is required. If accepted, the trainee must participate in 56 hours of physical training as well at 72 hours of physical conditioning. Finally, field training in the use of firearms, arson, and explosives training are required. The basic salary for this job ranged from $32,000 to $41,000.
Transportation Security Officer (TSO)
Transportation Security Officers are responsible for the safety of the American public in airport, railroad, road, and maritime transportation. They are in charge of stopping terrorist attacks and ensuring safe movement from one place to the other. In order to qualify to become a TSO, one must be a citizen of the United States, with a high school diploma or equivalent, with fluidness in reading, writing, speaking, and listening in English. In addition, TSOs must not have poor vision, be color blind, or have impaired hearing. Lifting and carrying at least 70 pounds, passing a drug test, and having an almost perfect credit score are also required. Training for TSO is quite intense. The hiree must complete 56 to 72 hours of classroom training, 112 to 118 hours of ob the job training, certification testing, and may also be required to travel for up to two weeks. The average salary ranged from $24,000 to $37,000 per year.
Border Patrol Agent
Border Patrol Agents have a huge job in the United States. They are responsible for preventing terrorists, terrorist weapons, and undocumented aliens from entering the United States, as well as punishing those in violation of the immigration laws. Over 6,000 miles of the Canadian and Mexican borders and over 2,000 miles of coastal waters around Florida and Puerto Rico are patrolled. The applicant must be under 40 years old, a United States citizen and resident, fluency in Spanish, a valid driver’s license, a background investigation, medical examination, and a fitness and drug test must all be passed. A fifty five day training at the Border Patrol Academy in New Mexico is required for those hired. They may also be subjected to random drug testing and overtime work. The yearly pay rate for Patrol Agents ranges from $36,000 to $47,000.
U.S. Capitol Police
Created in 1828, the main goal of the Capitol Police is to protect the United States Congress and their families. Police applicants must be between the ages of 21 and 37 at the time of appointment with a high school degree. In addition, one must be a United States citizen with a valid driver’s license, correctable vision to 20/20 in each eye, have a proportional weight and height, and must be in good physical health. In addition, a felony conviction and anything other than an Honorable discharge from the military will disqualify the applicant. Once hired, training begins with a weeklong orientation at the Washington D.C. training facility, followed by a twelve week training session in either Georgia or New Mexico. The average salary is about $54,000 yearly, plus benefits. For those who are a Private First Class, with over 30 months of service, the salary increased to about $63,000.
U.S. Postal Service Inspector
Postal Service Inspectors investigate criminal, civil, and administrative violations of laws related to the postal service. The Inspectors are armed and authorized to make arrests. The job requires long and irregular hours and a possible relocation. In order to qualify for the job, one must be a U.S. citizen between the ages of 21 and 37, with a four year degree from a college or university. The ability to write and speak English are also required, as is a polygraph examination, background investigation, drug screening, medical assessment, and orientation course. Once hired, one must pass a basic training course that covers academics, firearms, physical fitness, defensive tactics, and practical exercises. The yearly pay ranges from $40,000 to $60,000, depending on one’s qualifications.
Director of Airport Security
No description of this job is currently available.
Correctional Careers
Correctional Officer
The job of a Correctional Officer are the provide security, enforce rules and regulations, monitor social and work activities of inmates, and prevent outbreaks of violence in the prison environment. In addition, Officers are responsible for performing periodic inspections of individual cells and the entire facility for hidden contraband and potential weapons. While some requirement may vary from agency to agency, all applicants must have a high school diploma, be 18 to 21 years of age, with good physical health, eye sight, hearing, and emotional stability. Some agencies also require the applicant to pass a written examination. Corrections officers must have at least 200 hours of formal training within their first year, as well as 12 hours of training at the Georgia training center. The average salary ranges from $38,000 to $50,000.
Correctional Counselor
Correctional Counselors are involved in working with those who are either currently in prison or who had currently been, and prevent them from engaging in further criminal activity that would have them sent back to jail. In order to qualify for this job, applicants must submit to written and verbal, as well as psychological testing and must be between the ages of 21 and 37. A valid driver’s license and no prior felonies are also required, as is knowledge of computers and strong writing skills. Most agencies require a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in psychology, social work, criminal justice, or urban studies. The average yearly salary is about $45,000.
Parole Officer
Parole Officers are in charge of working with offenders who have recently been released from correctional facilities. Their job is to keep regular contact with the clients in order to prevent them from any further criminal activity. The number of cases the officers have to deal with range from about 70 to 130, sometimes more. Requirements for this job include a bachelor’s degree in social work, psychology, urban affairs, or criminal justice, oral, written, and psychological testing, a physical examination, a valid driver’s license, a background check, drug testing, license to carry a firearm, and must be between the ages of 21 and 37. After being accepted, one must complete a training program. A year later, the trainee is offered a permanent job. The average salary, depending on one’s level, can range from $30,000 to $60,000.
Probation Officer
Probation Officers have much of the same responsibilities as Parole Officers but differ slightly. Probation Officers have to supervise those who have been placed on probation by the courts. Often times, this involves watching over first time offenders so they do not get involved in any further criminal activity. Requirements for this job include passing a written, verbal, and psychological examination, excellent physical shape and be emotionally stable, between the years of 21 and 37. As with many of the other jobs, a valid driver’s license is required. No prior felons are accepted. In most case, a bachelor’s degree in social work, psychology, or criminal justice is required, as is a training program offered by the Federal Government. The median annual salary for Probation Officers is around $45,000.
Juvenile Probation Officer
Juvenile Probation Officers handle the same things as Probation Officers, only they are responsible for the youth. Those under eighteen who have been placed on probation are under the supervision of Juvenile Probation Officers. The requirements and salary are the same as that of Probation Officers.
Federal Probation Officer
Federal Probation Officers work with those who have committed crimes at the federal level. They are often in charge of helping those who have recently been released from serving a length prison sentence and assisting them in re-adjusting to the world and avoiding criminal activity. The requirements are very similar to those of Probation Officers, although they are required to be in extremely satisfactory physical condition, given the potential danger of their everyday situations. The yearly pay ranges from $50,000 to $78,000.
Victim Witness Assistant
No description of this job is currently available.
Forensic Science/CSI Careers
Crime Scene Investigator (CSI) – Forensic Examiner
A Crime Scene Investigator is responsible for evaluating evidence at the scene of a crime. They secure, package, and label physical evidence for evaluation and analysis. Typical cases a CSI may investigate include, but are not limited to, homicides, sexual assaults, home invasions, armed robbery, and crimes against property. Requirements for CSIs include a four year degree and a minimum of 720 hours of training in crime scene processing, including 80 hours of latent fingerprint processing training and 40 hours each in the areas of photography, death investigations, and interpretation of blood splatter. In addition, certification by the Certification by the International Association for Identification (IAI) and Crime Scene Certification Board is required within 18 months as a forensic examiner. The average yearly salary ranges from $51,000 to $63,000.
Latent Print Examiner – Finger Print Examiner
Vitally important at the scene of a crime, Latent Print Examiners perform various procedures in order to obtain fingerprints, palm prints, and foot prints from multiple surfaces and materials. Following that, one must classify and identify the fingerprint, comparing it with either characterized identification systems or manually with other prints. This career requires a bachelor’s degree with a field related to chemistry and often have undergraduate degree with criminal justice. Physically, one must be able to distinguish between basic colors and their shades which may be a problem for those with color blindness. Once hired, one will learn techniques to recover, process, and examine latent finger prints, which may include the use of chemicals, special light sources, and light scan systems. The salaries for latent print examiners can range from $30,000 to $150,000 yearly, depending on the agency.
Forensic Accountant
Forensic Accountants have many of the same jobs as regular accountants, but within the forensic department, they focus more on personal injury claims, insurance claims, royalty audits, or fraud investigations. Requirements for this job include a four year business degree in accounting or finance, as well as a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) license. When first beginning, one will spend most of their time on routine investigations and will work their way up to the higher profile cases. The starting salary ranged from $30,000 to $60,000 per year, an amount that increases anywhere from $125,000 to $150,000, depending on experience.
Forensic Anthropologist
Forensic Anthropologists are responsible for the identification of deceased individuals, where their remains are burned, mutilated, or in advanced stages of decomposition. To become a Forensic Anthropologist, one will need a bachelor’s degree in anatomy, biology, chemistry, physiology, or anthropology, as well as a graduate degree in human biology or anthropology. The salary for Anthropologists can range from $35,000 to $50,000 per year when first starting off, increasing to $90,000 to $100,000 per year.
Forensic Artist
Forensic Artists are responsible for drawings of potential suspects, mission persons, or specific detail of a crime scene. The art is divided into four categories: Composite Imagery, which is a drawing from an individual’s description of one’s face and/or body; Image Modification/Identification, which is manipulating a photographic image including age progression of young children and fugitives with various disguises that may be used; Demonstrative Evidence, which may be used as trial displays in court; and Reconstructive/Postmortem Drawings, which can identify human remains even if they are damaged or in various stages of decomposition. Requirements for this job vary, some agencies accepting education in legal procedures, some accepting those with formal art training. Training in this career may include the use of computer programs that will help in building three dimensional composites from decomposed bodies. The hourly pay can range from $14 to over $25, an annual salary of around $65,000.
Forensic Hypnotist
The job of a forensic hypnotist is to help witnesses to a crime remember facts that they could not recall without hypnosis. The field is very limited due to objections by the legal community about the admissibility of evidence in a court collected while the witness was in a hypnotic state. Requirements for this job include being well versed on the history of hypnosis and various levels of induction, deepening tactics, and procedures for emerging the witness or victim. Basic training is available but consists of only a few days of training. Classes may include, but are not limited to, instruction in memory retrieval techniques, informal listening, and pitfalls that may be encountered upon judicial review. Annual salaries are variable, but on average, Forensic Hypnotists are paid about $66,000 per year.
Forensic Nurse
Forensic Nursing applies nursing science to legal proceedings in investigating death of victims, criminal abuse, traumatic accidents, and treatment of victims of violence and abuse. This job requires the applicant to be a registered nurse, practicing for at least three years, with a degree from an accredited college or university, with a two to four year study. The hourly salary can range from as low as $26 to as high as $100. The starting yearly salary is about $54,000, an amount that can increase to over $200,000, depending on one’s abilities.
Forensic Pathologist
Forensic Pathologists are responsible for determining the cause of death and identifying the deceased. Requirements to become a pathologist include four years of undergraduate education, followed by four years of medical school, followed by four years of residency in anatomic and clinical pathology, followed by one year of pathology fellowship. The field is highly specialized and requires a lot of time, money, training, and dedication. The starting salary for this career track is about $80,000 but can increase to the $175,000 to $200,000 range.
Forensic Psychologist
Forensic Psychologists are used mainly in the court system to determine the mental state of the defendant at the time of the crime. In order to qualify for this career, one must have an undergraduate degree in psychology, in addition to a master’s degree in forensic psychology. Additional training in areas such an evidence-based intervention, advocacy, and other related areas may be required. The salary for this career can range from $60,000 to $103,000, depending on work experience, education, and can increase with consulting work and court testimony.
Forensic Serologist
Serology is known as the study of blood serum. Forensic Serologists are responsible with diagnostic procedure and the identification of antibodies in the blood. In short, they are responsible for determining if there were any substances, legal or illegal, in the deceased’s body at the time of death. Requirements for this job include a Bachelor of Science or Arts degree. Unlike many other forensic degrees, however, a graduate or post-graduate degree is not required given that the techniques can be mastered while focusing on DNA related serology. The starting salary of a Forensic Serologist is around $37,000. Once practicing, one can expect to earn between $50,000 and $60,000 per year.
Forensic Toxicologist
The job of a Forensic Toxicologist is to use analytical chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical chemistry to investigate the legal and medical aspects in a death. In addition, they must use technology and different techniques to determine if the death was from poisoning or drug use. This job required a bachelor’s degree in pharmacology, chemistry, clinical chemistry, or a related field. Job training is mainly learning how to work in a controlled way, without giving into the pressures of rushing through the tests. The annual salary is about $75,000, with some making as low as $60,000, some making as high as $100,000.
Legal/Court Careers
Judge
Judges preside over trials and hearings, ensuring that court proceedings are fair. In addition, they rule on the admissibility of evidence and decide whether a defendant is allowed to post bail or if they must remain in custody until the trail. Requirements for this job include previous years of experience as an attorney, although some states do not require that. Judicial training is provided by the Federal Judicial Center, the American Bar Association, National Judicial College and National Center for State Courts with some level of orientation required by all states for newly appointed or elected judges. The annual salary for judges can range from $50,000 to $170,000, depending on the level.
Defense Attorney
Defense Attorneys are responsible for advocating for the accused. Requirements for this career include a bachelor’s degree that emphasizes spoken and written communication skills, research, analysis, and logical thinking. Education wise, a defense attorney must have an average of seven years of full-time study after high school, followed by three years of law school. The average yearly salary is about $108,000.
Paralegal, Legal Assistant, or Legal Researcher
Legal assistants have many responsibilities in law firms. They are responsible for researching the facts on a case but may not set legal fees, give legal advice, or present cases in court. Those who are thinking about a career in the paralegal field most often attend a community college and obtain an associate degree in paralegal studies. Most training takes place on the job. On average, paralegals earn about $46,000 yearly, with the top ten percent earning about $73,000.
Court Clerk
Court Clerks are responsible for the oversight of all administrative responsibilities that are carried out by different courts. The specific jobs vary depending on the size of the court. Requirements for this job include having s strong knowledge of judicial rules and regulations, knowledge in how to maintain court records, and the proper handling of evidence. In addition, spelling and grammar skills must be satisfactory and knowledge of a foreign language may be helpful. Training mainly consists of passing a competitive civil service exam. Although the salary for a court clerk depends on one’s level of experience, the median annual salary can range from $30,000 to more than $50,000.
Juvenile Court Judge
See Judge
Probate Judge
See Judge
Prosecutor
Prosecutors are present in almost every city in the United States and are responsible for upholding the Constitution, protecting the public, and punishing criminal behavior. Requirements to become a prosecutor include a bachelor’s degree with varied education in order to enter law school. Once that is obtained, a three year course study is required. The average salary can range from $25,000 to $50,000 for those just beginning their careers, to more than $100,000 with gained experience.
Bailiff
No description of this job is currently available.
Pre-Trail Officer
No description of this job is currently available.
Juvenile Court Register
No description of this job is currently available.
Private Security and Contractor Careers
Loss Prevention Officer/Manager
Loss prevention officers are undercover workers in retail locations who are responsible for identifying suspicious behavior and detaining those attempting theft. In order to become part of this career, a high school degree is required. In addition, one must be observant and able to think quickly. Training programs are offered via private security training companies. The average salary can range from $22,000 to $43,000 for officers, and can reach up to $70,000 for managers.
Bounty Hunger/Bail Enforcement Agent
Bounty hunter careers are unique to the United States, only legal here and in the Philippines. Bounty hunters are responsible for capturing fugitives from justice in exchange for a monetary reward (the bounty). If a defendant does not pay bail by not showing up for court, it is up to the bounty hunter to capture them. Many states do not have training requirements for this career; others require various training and licensing requirements. In addition, most states prohibit bail enforcement agents from carrying a firearm. On average, a successful bond investigator can earn more than $100,000 annually; bounty hunters earn a minimum if $35,000 annually.
Security Officer
Security Officers may be armed or unarmed and provide security at transportation hubs and nuclear facilities. Higher standards have recently been placed on security officers due to the rapid growth of opportunities. The applicant must have a high school degree or equivalent, must be mentally alert, emotionally stable, and physically fit. In addition, they must be no younger than 18 years of age, must pass a background check, and complete training. The training one must go through varies and is dependent on the specific job one is hired to do. When first beginning, a Security Officer can earn anywhere from $20,000 to more than $30,000 per year.
Fraud Investigator
See Private Investigator
Insurance Investigator
See Private Investigator
Private Investigator
The main responsibilities of a Private Investigator (PI) include connecting clues and uncovering facts. PIs may also be required to provide celebrity or executive protection, pre-employment verification, and individual background investigations. In addition, the investigation of identity theft, harassing emails, illegal downloading, copyright violations, criminal cases, insurance fraud, child custody, missing persons cases, and surveillance fall into their job description. In order to qualify for this job, one must be able to work odd hours in and out of the office, must be over 18 years of age, have educational or legal experience for more than three years, and must pass both a background investigation and State certification exam. The median income for this job was about $40,000 in 2008, with a range from about $24,000 to more than $76,000.
Security Analyst
No description of this job is currently available.
Security Operations Manager
No description of this job is currently available.