Patrimonial State: System of governance in which a single ruler treats the states as personal property
Mir: Traditional form of communal peasant organizations in Russia that survived until the collectivization campaign of the late 20's when strips of land were redistributed among families
Democratic Centralism: Vladimir Lenin, practiced by all communists: 1. Party leaders elected on delegate basis from lower to higher party bodies, 2. Party leaders recalled by those who elected them, 3. Freedom of discussion until decision but strict
Vanguard Party: Political party that operates in the "true" interests of the group even if understanding doesn't correspond to expressed interests
Tacit Social Contract: Informal and unwritten understanding between population and state post-Stalin, helped form basis of social and political stability
Perestroika: Policy of reconstructing, by Gorbachev
Glasnot: Policy of openness and publicity, easing controls on media, arts, public discussions, ect: Gorbachev
Demokratizatsiia: Russia's version of democracy, by Gorbachev
Law-Based State: State where rule of law pervails and the actions of the government and non-government organizations are subject to requirement of law
Market Reform: Economic transformation by Yeltsin's government in Russia, part of the transition to postcommunism
Shock Therapy: Like market reform, wide range of economic changes, shocking economy into new mode of operation
Joint-Stock Company: Capital divided into shares
Privatization Vouchers: Worth 10,000 rubles issued by the government to citizens in order to purchase shares in state enterprises
Inside Privatization: Transformation of formerly state owned enterprises into joint-stock companies
Oligarchs: Small group of powerful/wealthy individuals who gained ownership and control of important sectors of Russia's economy
Mafia: Organized crime activity
Pyramid Debt: Government takes on debt obligations at progressively higher rates in order to pay off existing debt
Autonomous Republics: Terretorial union that was a constituent unit of the union republic in which it was located
Krai: One-sixth of territorial units defined by Constitution of 1993 to be among 89 members of the federation; statyus equal to republics and oblast
Oblast:Same as Krai but with status equal to republics and krai
Okrug: one-tenth of terretorial units . . . Status equal to republics, oblasts, and krai
Patron-Client Networks: Informal aspect of policy making in which a powerful parton offers resources and services to lower and less powerful clients, often a cause for corruption
Siloviki: Means force, politicans and government officals drawn from security and intelligence agencies recruited to political posts under Putin
Asymmetrical Federalism: Political authority shared with central and regional/state governments, but subnations units have greater or less power than others
Power Vertical: Used by Putin to describe unified/heirarchal structure of executive power ranging from federal to local levels
Civil Society: Space occupied by voluntary associations outside the state
Proportional Representation: Seats allocated based on proportion to votes each party recieves
Single-Member Plurality District: Candidates run for single seat from a specific geographic district
Conditionality: Certain commitments must be made by recieving governments in exchange for credits or other types of assistance from international or foreign agencies, to ensure goals of donor agency are respected
Mir: Traditional form of communal peasant organizations in Russia that survived until the collectivization campaign of the late 20's when strips of land were redistributed among families
Democratic Centralism: Vladimir Lenin, practiced by all communists: 1. Party leaders elected on delegate basis from lower to higher party bodies, 2. Party leaders recalled by those who elected them, 3. Freedom of discussion until decision but strict
Vanguard Party: Political party that operates in the "true" interests of the group even if understanding doesn't correspond to expressed interests
Tacit Social Contract: Informal and unwritten understanding between population and state post-Stalin, helped form basis of social and political stability
Perestroika: Policy of reconstructing, by Gorbachev
Glasnot: Policy of openness and publicity, easing controls on media, arts, public discussions, ect: Gorbachev
Demokratizatsiia: Russia's version of democracy, by Gorbachev
Law-Based State: State where rule of law pervails and the actions of the government and non-government organizations are subject to requirement of law
Market Reform: Economic transformation by Yeltsin's government in Russia, part of the transition to postcommunism
Shock Therapy: Like market reform, wide range of economic changes, shocking economy into new mode of operation
Joint-Stock Company: Capital divided into shares
Privatization Vouchers: Worth 10,000 rubles issued by the government to citizens in order to purchase shares in state enterprises
Inside Privatization: Transformation of formerly state owned enterprises into joint-stock companies
Oligarchs: Small group of powerful/wealthy individuals who gained ownership and control of important sectors of Russia's economy
Mafia: Organized crime activity
Pyramid Debt: Government takes on debt obligations at progressively higher rates in order to pay off existing debt
Autonomous Republics: Terretorial union that was a constituent unit of the union republic in which it was located
Krai: One-sixth of territorial units defined by Constitution of 1993 to be among 89 members of the federation; statyus equal to republics and oblast
Oblast:Same as Krai but with status equal to republics and krai
Okrug: one-tenth of terretorial units . . . Status equal to republics, oblasts, and krai
Patron-Client Networks: Informal aspect of policy making in which a powerful parton offers resources and services to lower and less powerful clients, often a cause for corruption
Siloviki: Means force, politicans and government officals drawn from security and intelligence agencies recruited to political posts under Putin
Asymmetrical Federalism: Political authority shared with central and regional/state governments, but subnations units have greater or less power than others
Power Vertical: Used by Putin to describe unified/heirarchal structure of executive power ranging from federal to local levels
Civil Society: Space occupied by voluntary associations outside the state
Proportional Representation: Seats allocated based on proportion to votes each party recieves
Single-Member Plurality District: Candidates run for single seat from a specific geographic district
Conditionality: Certain commitments must be made by recieving governments in exchange for credits or other types of assistance from international or foreign agencies, to ensure goals of donor agency are respected